Hay Fever Explained: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Treat It

What Is Hay Fever?

Despite the name, hay fever has nothing to do with hay or a fever. Medically known as allergic rhinitis, hay fever is a common allergic condition that affects your nose, eyes, and sinuses. It’s typically triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander and affects nearly 1 in 3 adults in the U.S.

If you experience sneezing fits, itchy eyes, or a constantly runny nose—especially during spring or fall—you may be one of the many dealing with hay fever.

Common Hay Fever Symptoms

The symptoms of hay fever can vary from mild to severe and may include:

• Stuffy or runny nose
• Sneezing
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Postnasal drip
• Fatigue or difficulty concentrating
• Pressure around the eyes and forehead

These symptoms often overlap with those of a cold or sinus infection, but hay fever is allergy-related—not caused by viruses.

What Causes Hay Fever?

Hay fever is your body’s immune system overreacting to airborne allergens. There are three main types:

1. Seasonal Hay Fever

Occurs during certain times of the year and is typically triggered by:

• Tree pollen (spring)
• Grass pollen (summer)
• Weed or mold spores (fall)

2. Perennial Hay Fever

Occurs year-round and is triggered by:

• Pet dander
• Dust mites
• Mold spores inside the home

3. Non-Allergic Rhinitis

Not caused by allergens, but by irritants such as:

• Smoke
• Perfume
• Changes in weather or air pressure

Hay Fever vs. a Cold or Flu

Here’s a quick comparison to help you tell the difference:

How to Treat Hay Fever

There’s no permanent cure, but hay fever is manageable with proper care. Treatment options include:

Over-the-Counter Remedies

• Antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, cetirizine) to reduce sneezing and itching
• Nasal sprays (like fluticasone) to reduce inflammation and congestion
• Decongestants to relieve a blocked nose (short-term use only)

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Keep windows closed during high pollen days
• Shower and change clothes after being outdoors
• Use HEPA filters in your home

Allergy Testing & Prescription Treatment

If over-the-counter medications aren’t working, your doctor might recommend:

• Allergy testing
• Prescription-strength medications
• Allergy shots (immunotherapy) to reduce long-term sensitivity

When to See a Doctor

If you’re still experiencing severe hay fever symptoms despite trying medications or lifestyle changes, it’s time to speak with a specialist. At BASS Medical Group, our Primary Care Providers (PCPs) can help identify your triggers and determine the best treatment options. If needed, we can also refer you to an allergy or ENT specialist for further care.

Get Relief from Hay Fever with BASS Medical Group

Don’t let allergies disrupt your daily life. Whether your hay fever is seasonal or year-round, the team at BASS Medical Group is here to help you breathe easier.

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