How Do Infections Spread?

Infections are common—especially during cold and flu season—but many people don’t realize just how easily they can spread. Even if you practice good hygiene, it's still possible to get sick due to how infectious agents behave and how they move from person to person.

So, how exactly do infections spread, and what can you do to protect yourself and your family? Here's what you need to know.

What Causes Infections?

Infections are caused by microorganisms such as:

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Parasites

These germs can enter your body in various ways and multiply, leading to symptoms ranging from mild (like a runny nose) to severe (like fever or organ damage).

Can You Get Infections Even If You're Clean?

Yes—being clean doesn’t make you immune. You can still become infected if:

• You breathe in droplets from a sick person
• You touch your face after touching a contaminated surface
• You come into contact with infected fluids, foods, or animals

Practicing good hygiene reduces your risk, but it doesn’t eliminate it entirely. That’s why knowing how infections spread is just as important as staying clean.

How Do Infections Spread?

Here are the most common modes of transmission:

1. Direct Contact

• Touching someone who’s infected (e.g., shaking hands)
• Sexual contact
• Animal bites or exposure to bodily fluids
• From mother to baby during pregnancy or birth

2. Indirect Contact

• Touching a contaminated surface or object (like door handles or phones), then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth

3. Droplet Transmission

• Coughing, sneezing, or even talking releases droplets into the air that others can inhale

4. Fecal-Oral Transmission

• Less common, but possible through contaminated food or water—especially in places with poor sanitation

Common Infections and How They Spread

Kidney Infections

Usually caused by bacteria that enter through the urinary tract.
Symptoms:

• Painful urination
• Fever, chills
• Lower back or side pain
• Nausea or vomiting

Kidney infections aren’t typically spread person-to-person but can result from untreated urinary tract infections (UTIs) that travel upward.

Sinus Infections

Often triggered by a cold or allergies, and can involve viruses or bacteria.
Symptoms:

• Nasal congestion
• Yellow/green discharge
• Facial pain or pressure
• Headaches

These can spread through mucus contact, sneezing, or coughing—so wash your hands often and avoid close contact if you're sick.

How to Prevent the Spread of Infections

You can lower your risk of catching or spreading infections with a few smart habits:

• ‍Wash your hands regularly with soap and water
• ‍Avoid sharing personal items (towels, toothbrushes)
• ‍Disinfect frequently touched surfaces
• Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
• ‍Wear a mask if you're sick or around vulnerable people
• ‍Stay home when you’re feeling unwell
• ‍Get vaccinated as recommended by your provider

Stay Healthy with BASS Medical Group

Infections may be common, but they don’t have to disrupt your life. With the right care, many infections can be diagnosed early and treated effectively. If you’re feeling sick or experiencing symptoms of infection, our Primary Care Providers at BASS Medical Group are here to help.

Serving Walnut Creek and the Greater Bay Area, we’re your partner in year-round wellness.

Schedule an appointment today for expert care and peace of mind.