How to Spot Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

What Is Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver cells of people who drink little to no alcohol. It’s one of the most common liver disorders in the U.S., affecting over 25% of Americans. While the condition is often silent, it can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis and liver failure if left untreated.

NAFLD is often linked to other metabolic health issues, including:

• Obesity
• Insulin resistance
• High cholesterol or triglycerides
• Type 2 diabetes
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

NAFLD is preventable—and manageable—with early detection and lifestyle changes.

Who’s at Risk for Fatty Liver Disease?

You may be more likely to develop NAFLD if you have any of the following risk factors:

• Metabolic syndrome
• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol or triglycerides
• Sleep apnea
• Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

If you live with any of these conditions, talk to your primary care provider or endocrinologist about liver screening.

Common Symptoms of NAFLD

Many people with NAFLD have no symptoms in the early stages. However, as the disease progresses, signs may include:

• Discomfort or pain in the upper-right abdomen
• Fatigue
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
• Red palms
• Abdominal swelling (ascites)
• Enlarged spleen or liver
• Spider-like blood vessels on the skin

Note: These symptoms may also resemble alcohol-related liver disease. Always consult a specialist to confirm your diagnosis.

How Is NAFLD Diagnosed?

To diagnose NAFLD, your doctor may order:

• Blood tests (liver enzyme levels)
• Abdominal ultrasound or FibroScan
• MRI or CT scan
• Liver biopsy (in more severe or unclear cases)

These tests help determine the extent of liver fat, inflammation, and possible fibrosis.

Treatment Options for NAFLD

There’s no FDA-approved medication specifically for NAFLD. However, treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and managing any underlying conditions:

Lifestyle Modifications

• Weight loss (even 3–5% reduction can improve liver health)
• Low-sugar, low-fat, Mediterranean-style diet
• Daily physical activity
• Avoiding alcohol and processed foods

Medical Management

• Control blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure
• Treat related conditions like hypothyroidism or diabetes
• Prescription medications as needed based on lab results

If NAFLD progresses to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, you may need to consult a hepatologist, gastroenterologist, or endocrinologist.

When to Seek Help

Early detection is key to preventing liver damage. If you have risk factors or experience symptoms like fatigue, abdominal swelling, or jaundice, don’t wait.

BASS Medical Group offers access to specialists in:

• Gastroenterology
• Endocrinology
• Primary Care
• Internal Medicine
• Diagnostic Radiology

Talk to the Experts at BASS Medical Group

At BASS Medical Group, we take a collaborative approach to managing liver health. Whether you need a diagnosis, lifestyle guidance, or advanced care for liver disease, our expert providers are here to support you.

Schedule an appointment to get started today.