Sore Throat When Swallowing? Here's What It Could Mean

A sore throat is uncomfortable on its own—but when it hurts to swallow, everyday activities like eating, drinking, and even talking can become painful. If you’re experiencing a sore throat when swallowing, you might be wondering what’s causing it and whether it’s time to see a doctor.

Here’s a breakdown of the most common causes and when to seek treatment.

Why Does My Throat Hurt When I Swallow?

Painful swallowing, also known as odynophagia, can be caused by several different conditions—ranging from mild viral infections to more serious concerns that may require medication or further testing.

Let’s explore some of the most likely causes:

1. Viral Sore Throat (Cold or Flu)

A common cold or flu virus often causes inflammation in the throat, leading to pain—especially when swallowing. You might also notice:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Fatigue
• Mild fever
• Cough

These symptoms usually resolve in 7–10 days with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications.

2. Strep Throat

If your sore throat came on suddenly and is especially painful, it could be strep throat, a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus.

Key symptoms of strep include:

• Severe throat pain
• Pain when swallowing
• Red or swollen tonsils (sometimes with white patches)
• Fever without a cough
• Swollen lymph nodes

If you suspect strep, visit your Primary Care Provider for a rapid strep test and antibiotics if needed.

3. Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, often caused by a virus or bacteria. It can cause:

• Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
• Swollen tonsils
• Fever and headache
• Ear pain or neck stiffness

Tonsillitis is especially common in children but can occur at any age. Some cases may require antibiotics or referral to an ENT specialist.

4. Allergies or Postnasal Drip

Allergies can cause mucus to drip down the back of your throat, known as postnasal drip, leading to irritation and discomfort when swallowing. Other signs include:

• Itchy or watery eyes
• Sneezing
• Mild cough
• Throat clearing

Try antihistamines or speak with your doctor about allergy relief options.

5. Acid Reflux (GERD)

If you feel burning or soreness in your throat—especially in the morning—it could be due to acid reflux. This happens when stomach acid flows upward into the esophagus, irritating throat tissues.

Other signs of GERD:

• Hoarseness
• Sour taste in your mouth
• Heartburn
• Throat tightness

Lifestyle changes and medications can help manage acid reflux symptoms.

6. Mononucleosis ("Mono")

Mono is a viral infection often seen in teens and young adults. It can cause a prolonged sore throat with painful swallowing, along with:

• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fever
• Enlarged spleen

It’s contagious and typically lasts 2–4 weeks. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relief can help.

When to See a Doctor

Make an appointment with a BASS Medical Group provider if you experience:

• A sore throat lasting more than 5 days
• Severe pain when swallowing
• High fever
• Difficulty breathing or opening your mouth
• White patches or pus on your tonsils
• Recurring sore throats

Prompt diagnosis can help prevent complications and get you back to feeling better.

Primary Care in the Bay Area

At BASS Medical Group, our Primary Care physicians are here to help diagnose and treat the causes of throat pain—whether it's a simple virus or something more serious. We offer in-person visits across Walnut Creek, Oakland, and the Greater Bay Area, as well as virtual consultations.

Request an appointment today and get the expert care you need for your sore throat.