Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Uterine fibroids are a common condition affecting up to 70–80% of women at some point in their lives. These noncancerous growths form in or around the uterus and often go unnoticed. But for some, they can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or even fertility issues.

Here’s what you should know about fibroids—including their types, symptoms, and how they’re treated.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors made of muscle and connective tissue. They can be as small as a seed or as large as a grapefruit and may grow singly or in clusters.

While fibroids are almost never cancerous, they can interfere with reproductive health, menstrual cycles, and quality of life.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are categorized based on where they grow in or around the uterus:

• Intramural fibroids – Found within the uterine wall (most common type)
• Subserosal fibroids – Develop on the outer wall of the uterus and may press on nearby organs
• Submucosal fibroids – Grow just under the uterine lining and often cause heavy bleeding
• Pedunculated fibroids – Connected to the uterus by a stalk and may twist, causing sharp pain

What Causes Uterine Fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids is still unknown, but several factors may contribute:

• Hormones – Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth
• Genetics – A family history increases risk
• Race – Black women are more likely to develop fibroids at a younger age and with more severe symptoms
• Obesity & Diet – A diet high in red meat and processed foods may increase risk
• Early menstruation – Starting periods at a younger age is linked to higher fibroid risk

Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms. When they do occur, symptoms can vary based on size, number, and location.

Common fibroid symptoms include:

• Heavy or prolonged periods
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Lower back pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Frequent urination
• Constipation or bloating
• Trouble getting pregnant

‍If you’re experiencing these symptoms, contact your gynecologist to explore your treatment options.

How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?

Fibroids are often found during a routine pelvic exam, but imaging tests provide confirmation and details about size and location:

• Ultrasound – First-line imaging tool to detect fibroids
• MRI – Offers detailed visuals, helpful for treatment planning
• Hysteroscopy – Uses a thin camera to examine the uterine cavity
• Sonohysterography – Ultrasound combined with saline for clearer views of submucosal fibroids

At BASS Imaging Center, our advanced diagnostic tools help determine the best course of action based on your unique condition.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment depends on your symptoms, age, fertility goals, and the size and location of your fibroids.

1. Watchful Waiting

For small, symptom-free fibroids, your doctor may recommend regular monitoring instead of immediate treatment.

2. Medications

Hormonal treatments can help relieve heavy bleeding and slow fibroid growth:

• Birth control pills
• Hormonal IUDs
• GnRH agonists

3. Non-Surgical Procedures

• Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) – Minimally invasive procedure that blocks blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink
• MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound (FUS) – Uses sound waves to destroy fibroids without surgery

4. Surgical Options

• Myomectomy – Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus; often used for women who wish to maintain fertility
• Hysterectomy – Complete removal of the uterus; a permanent solution for severe cases

When to See a Specialist for Fibroids

You should consult a doctor if you're experiencing:

• Heavy or painful periods
• Pelvic pressure or bloating
• Difficulty conceiving
• Sudden, sharp pain in the pelvis

Specialists who treat fibroids include:

• Gynecologists / OB-GYNs – First point of contact for diagnosis and treatment
• Reproductive Endocrinologists – For women facing fertility issues
• Interventional Radiologists – For non-surgical procedures like UFE

Fibroid Care in Northern California

At BASS Medical Group, we offer expert care for uterine fibroids with a full team of gynecologists, imaging specialists, and minimally invasive treatment options. Whether you need a second opinion or want to explore your options, we’re here to help.

With locations in Walnut Creek and throughout the San Francisco Bay Area, BASS provides convenient, compassionate care you can trust.

Take Control of Your Reproductive Health

Schedule a consultation with BASS Medical Group to discuss your symptoms and treatment options.