What Is Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease?

If your child suddenly develops a fever, a sore mouth, and a strange rash on their hands or feet, they might be experiencing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)—a common and highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children under age 5.

Here’s everything parents should know about symptoms, treatment, and when to call a doctor.

What Causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by a group of viruses, most often coxsackievirus A16. It spreads through:

• Saliva, mucus, and nasal discharge
• Blister fluid or contact with stool
• Coughing, sneezing, or shared toys

Young children are especially susceptible because they frequently touch their faces, share toys, and don’t always practice good hand hygiene.

HFMD is common in daycare centers, preschools, playgrounds, and other group settings. While anyone can catch it, babies and toddlers are at the highest risk.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Symptoms in Children

Symptoms typically develop 3 to 6 days after exposure and may include:

• Fever (often the first sign)
• Painful red blisters in the mouth, tongue, gums, or throat
• Rash or flat red spots on the palms, soles, buttocks, or diaper area
• Sore throat and painful swallowing
• Irritability and poor appetite
• Fatigue or excessive sleepiness
• Occasional vomiting or diarrhea

Blisters may last up to 7–10 days, and most children recover without medical treatment.

How Long Is It Contagious?

HFMD is most contagious during the first week, but the virus can remain in a child’s system for days or even weeks after symptoms disappear.

That’s why it’s important to:

• Keep your child home from daycare or school until all fever and open sores are gone.
• Encourage handwashing after diaper changes, blowing noses, or using the bathroom.
• Disinfect shared toys and surfaces daily.

Caring for Your Child at Home

There’s no cure for HFMD, but symptoms can be managed at home with:

• Fluids: Offer popsicles, smoothies, or water to prevent dehydration
• Pain relief: Use age-appropriate acetaminophen or ibuprofen (avoid aspirin)
• Comfort foods: Stick to soft, bland, and non-acidic foods (no juice or soda)
• Ointments: Apply petroleum jelly or soothing ointments to skin rashes or blisters
• Rest: Ensure your child gets plenty of sleep to help their body recover

Avoid spicy, hot, or citrusy foods that may irritate mouth sores.

When to See a Doctor

Call your child’s pediatrician or visit a provider at BASS Medical Group if:

• Your child isn’t drinking fluids
• They show signs of dehydration (dry lips, few wet diapers, no tears)
• A high fever lasts more than 3 days
• Blisters appear infected or symptoms worsen
• You’re unsure if it’s HFMD or another condition (like chickenpox or strep throat)

Pediatric Care You Can Count On

At BASS Medical Group, our experienced pediatricians and family doctors are here to support your child’s health through every stage. If your child is showing signs of hand, foot, and mouth disease, we can provide a professional evaluation and a personalized care plan.

Serving families throughout Walnut Creek, Oakland, and the Bay Area

Schedule an appointment to speak with a pediatric provider today.